I2C Backpack for LCD

This link more than adequately covers the setup and execution of using a PCF8574 backpack with a standard LCD https://www.instructables.com/id/Using-PCF8574-backpacks-with-LCD-modules-and-Ardui/

The beauty of the backpack is that it reduces all the digital IO needed to run an LCD down to two digital pins!

I have some caveats to identify when working with the NodeMcu ESP8266

NodeMCU - ES8266 Board

The NodeMCU ES8266 board is probably the most affordable method making use of the Arduino IDE to have WiFi capability in a microcontroller package.  It is as simple to use as an Arduino, although I have found that there is a great limit in using it like an Arduino in terms of what pins are available.  

ENC28J60 - Ethernet Board

In continuing to pursue ethernet communication with the arduino, I purchased an ENC28J60.  My initial plan was to use this small board as a replacement for the Arduino Ethernet Shield for when working with the Arduino Nano.  However, not only has this been the most difficult board to integrate with, it also did not seem to work with the Nano.

Ethernet Shield

The ethernet shield by SunFounder is a very fast way to add hardline ethernet functionality to the arduino board.  The sketches are also fairly straight forward with a few gotchas to consider.

Gikfun Soil Moisture Kit (EK1915)

I purchased this kit to learn how to integrate a soil moisture detection circuit with a watering pump mechanism.  This kit works however I have the following criticisms:

• It came with no instructions
• The one schematic on amazon is incorrect
• There is no arduino involved (contrary to the description)

DHT11 - Temperature & Humidity

The DHT11 is a Temperature and Humidty sensor with a very simple wiring and coding interface.

Motor Shield - Stepper Motor

Using the Motor Shield for controlling a stepper motor is about the same amount of effort as it would be to run it if you had a ULN2003, however, the wiring is a more tedious in this case since you have to run all 5 wires directly into the shield, rather than plug it into an adapter board.

Motor Shield - Servo

Using a servo with the Motor Shield is basically a pass-through. The main points primarily revolve around wiring.

Wiring

• Brown wire should be nearest to the corner of the shield when installed
• Digital pins (orange wire) are D9 and D10 on the arduino
• The row connected (shown above) is D10
• External power is not needed in the shield

Coding

• Use all the same example codes as you would for Servos without the shield.

Motor Shield - DC Motor

This entry focuses on using the Motor Shield with DC motors.

Adafruit MotorShield v2.3

The Adafruit MotorShield is a convenient way to control DC motors, Servos and Stepper motors.  Within a current limited capacity, one could run all three.

Upon purchase it is worth noting that you have to solder the stand off pins that connect the shield to the arduino.

After that, in the Arduino IDE, download the appropriate MotorShield library which has all the examples I'll reference for applications using this shield.

DC Motor Direct

Connecting a DC motor directly to the Arduino is pretty involved and requires a resister, diode, and a transistor.  In the grand scheme of things, it isn't that much, by comparison to the simplicity of using the Motor Shield, it's seemingly not really worth it, especially if you want to run more than one DC motor simultaneously.

A straight forward tutorial on how to do this can be found here: https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-arduino-lesson-13-dc-motors/overview

Stepper Motor - Direct Connect

This entry covers direct connecting a stepper motor to the Arduino.  In this case it is common to use a ULN2003 board to simplify the wiring interface.

Servo - Direct to Arduino

This covers controlling a micro-servo directly connected to the Arduino.  I say directly connected as opposed to using a motor shield.

Power Supply Module

The Elegoo kit came with a power supply module, shown below.  This board simply plugs into a standard bread board, and supplies power to the rails.  This is convenient if you want to be able to supply 5V or 3.3V external to the Arduino power (i.e. driving motors).

Ensure that when installing you note the orientation so (+) is  in the positive line and (-) is negative.

• Input is 6-9V
• Output is either 3.3 or 5V (based on jumpers)
• Max Output Current: 700mA

LCD

This is the summary information for getting an LCD up and running with the Arduino.  For this example I have two different LCD, one backlit, one not.

Starting with Arduino

For most of the initial posts, I'll be working with an Elegoo Uno R3 Arduino.  This was purchased as a starter kit with a diverse set of sensor, motors and controls. So far the kit is great and I've been able to run a number of example projects already.